PSG has now secured the prestigious cup on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger opened the net early on.
Yet, Marseille fired two times late to take a shock lead. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the final seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout win.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.